TASKQUEUE(9)

NAME
taskqueue - asynchronous task execution

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/taskqueue.h>

    typedef void (*task_fn_t)(void *context, int pending);
    typedef void (*taskqueue_enqueue_fn)(void *context);
    struct task {
    	STAILQ_ENTRY(task)	ta_link;	/* link for queue */
    	u_short			ta_pending;	/* count times queued */
    	u_short			ta_priority;	/* priority of task in queue */
    	task_fn_t		ta_func;	/* task handler */
    	void			*ta_context;	/* argument for handler */
    };
    enum taskqueue_callback_type {
    	TASKQUEUE_CALLBACK_TYPE_INIT,
    	TASKQUEUE_CALLBACK_TYPE_SHUTDOWN,
    };
    typedef void (*taskqueue_callback_fn)(void *context);
    struct timeout_task;

struct taskqueue *
taskqueue_create(const char *name, int mflags, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context);
struct taskqueue *
taskqueue_create_fast(const char *name, int mflags, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context);
int
taskqueue_start_threads(struct taskqueue **tqp, int count, int pri, const char *name, ...);
int
taskqueue_start_threads_cpuset(struct taskqueue **tqp, int count, int pri, cpuset_t *mask, const char *name, ...);
int
taskqueue_start_threads_in_proc(struct taskqueue **tqp, int count, int pri, struct proc *proc, const char *name, ...);
void
taskqueue_set_callback(struct taskqueue *queue, enum taskqueue_callback_type cb_type, taskqueue_callback_fn callback, void *context);
void
taskqueue_free(struct taskqueue *queue);
int
taskqueue_enqueue(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task);
int
taskqueue_enqueue_flags(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task, int flags);
int
taskqueue_enqueue_timeout(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, int ticks);
int
taskqueue_enqueue_timeout_sbt(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, sbintime_t sbt, sbintime_t pr, int flags);
int
taskqueue_cancel(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task, u_int *pendp);
int
taskqueue_cancel_timeout(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, u_int *pendp);
void
taskqueue_drain(struct taskqueue *queue, struct task *task);
void
taskqueue_drain_timeout(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task);
void
taskqueue_drain_all(struct taskqueue *queue);
void
taskqueue_quiesce(struct taskqueue *queue);
void
taskqueue_block(struct taskqueue *queue);
void
taskqueue_unblock(struct taskqueue *queue);
int
taskqueue_member(struct taskqueue *queue, struct thread *td);
void
taskqueue_run(struct taskqueue *queue);
TASK_INIT(struct task *task, int priority, task_fn_t func, void *context);
TASK_INITIALIZER(int priority, task_fn_t func, void *context);
TASKQUEUE_DECLARE(name);
TASKQUEUE_DEFINE(name, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context, init);
TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE(name, taskqueue_enqueue_fn enqueue, void *context, init);
TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD(name);
TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD(name);
TIMEOUT_TASK_INIT(struct taskqueue *queue, struct timeout_task *timeout_task, int priority, task_fn_t func, void *context);

DESCRIPTION
These functions provide a simple interface for asynchronous execution of code.

The function taskqueue_create() is used to create new queues. The arguments to taskqueue_create() include a name that should be unique, a set of malloc(9) flags that specify whether the call to malloc() is allowed to sleep, a function that is called from taskqueue_enqueue() when a task is added to the queue, and a pointer to the memory location where the identity of the thread that services the queue is recorded. The function called from taskqueue_enqueue() must arrange for the queue to be processed (for instance by scheduling a software interrupt or waking a kernel thread). The memory location where the thread identity is recorded is used to signal the service thread(s) to terminate--when this value is set to zero and the thread is signaled it will terminate. If the queue is intended for use in fast interrupt handlers taskqueue_create_fast() should be used in place of taskqueue_create().

The function taskqueue_free() should be used to free the memory used by the queue. Any tasks that are on the queue will be executed at this time after which the thread servicing the queue will be signaled that it should exit.

Once a taskqueue has been created, its threads should be started using taskqueue_start_threads(), taskqueue_start_threads_cpuset() or taskqueue_start_threads_in_proc(). taskqueue_start_threads_cpuset() takes a cpuset argument which will cause the threads which are started for the taskqueue to be restricted to run on the given CPUs. taskqueue_start_threads_in_proc() takes a proc argument which will cause the threads which are started for the taskqueue to be assigned to the given kernel process. Callbacks may optionally be registered using taskqueue_set_callback(). Currently, callbacks may be registered for the following purposes:

TASKQUEUE_CALLBACK_TYPE_INIT
    This callback is called by every thread in the taskqueue, before it executes any tasks. This callback must be set before the taskqueue's threads are started.

TASKQUEUE_CALLBACK_TYPE_SHUTDOWN
    This callback is called by every thread in the taskqueue, after it executes its last task. This callback will always be called before the taskqueue structure is reclaimed.

To add a task to the list of tasks queued on a taskqueue, call taskqueue_enqueue() with pointers to the queue and task. If the task's ta_pending field is non-zero, then it is simply incremented to reflect the number of times the task was enqueued, up to a cap of USHRT_MAX. Otherwise, the task is added to the list before the first task which has a lower ta_priority value or at the end of the list if no tasks have a lower priority. Enqueueing a task does not perform any memory allocation which makes it suitable for calling from an interrupt handler. This function will return EPIPE if the queue is being freed.

When a task is executed, first it is removed from the queue, the value of ta_pending is recorded and then the field is zeroed. The function ta_func from the task structure is called with the value of the field ta_context as its first argument and the value of ta_pending as its second argument. After the function ta_func returns, wakeup(9) is called on the task pointer passed to taskqueue_enqueue().

The taskqueue_enqueue_flags() accepts an extra flags parameter which specifies a set of optional flags to alter the behavior of taskqueue_enqueue(). It contains one or more of the following flags:

TASKQUEUE_FAIL_IF_PENDING
    taskqueue_enqueue_flags() fails if the task is already scheduled for execution. EEXIST is returned and the ta_pending counter value remains unchanged.

TASKQUEUE_FAIL_IF_CANCELING
    taskqueue_enqueue_flags() fails if the task is in the canceling state and ECANCELED is returned.

The taskqueue_enqueue_timeout() function is used to schedule the enqueue after the specified number of ticks. The taskqueue_enqueue_timeout_sbt() function provides finer control over the scheduling based on sbt, pr, and flags, as detailed in callout(9). If the ticks argument is negative, the already scheduled enqueueing is not re-scheduled. Otherwise, the task is scheduled for enqueueing in the future, after the absolute value of ticks is passed. This function returns -1 if the task is being drained. Otherwise, the number of pending calls is returned.

The taskqueue_cancel() function is used to cancel a task. The ta_pending count is cleared, and the old value returned in the reference parameter pendp, if it is non-NULL. If the task is currently running, EBUSY is returned, otherwise 0. To implement a blocking taskqueue_cancel() that waits for a running task to finish, it could look like:

    while (taskqueue_cancel(tq, task, NULL) != 0)
    	taskqueue_drain(tq, task);

Note that, as with taskqueue_drain(), the caller is responsible for ensuring that the task is not re-enqueued after being canceled.

Similarly, the taskqueue_cancel_timeout() function is used to cancel the scheduled task execution.

The taskqueue_drain() function is used to wait for the task to finish, and the taskqueue_drain_timeout() function is used to wait for the scheduled task to finish. There is no guarantee that the task will not be enqueued after call to taskqueue_drain(). If the caller wants to put the task into a known state, then before calling taskqueue_drain() the caller should use out-of-band means to ensure that the task would not be enqueued. For example, if the task is enqueued by an interrupt filter, then the interrupt could be disabled.

The taskqueue_drain_all() function is used to wait for all pending and running tasks that are enqueued on the taskqueue to finish. Tasks posted to the taskqueue after taskqueue_drain_all() begins processing, including pending enqueues scheduled by a previous call to taskqueue_enqueue_timeout(), do not extend the wait time of taskqueue_drain_all() and may complete after taskqueue_drain_all() returns. The taskqueue_quiesce() function is used to wait for the queue to become empty and for all running tasks to finish. To avoid blocking indefinitely, the caller must ensure by some mechanism that tasks will eventually stop being posted to the queue.

The taskqueue_block() function blocks the taskqueue. It prevents any enqueued but not running tasks from being executed. Future calls to taskqueue_enqueue() will enqueue tasks, but the tasks will not be run until taskqueue_unblock() is called. Please note that taskqueue_block() does not wait for any currently running tasks to finish. Thus, the taskqueue_block() does not provide a guarantee that taskqueue_run() is not running after taskqueue_block() returns, but it does provide a guarantee that taskqueue_run() will not be called again until taskqueue_unblock() is called. If the caller requires a guarantee that taskqueue_run() is not running, then this must be arranged by the caller. Note that if taskqueue_drain() is called on a task that is enqueued on a taskqueue that is blocked by taskqueue_block(), then taskqueue_drain() can not return until the taskqueue is unblocked. This can result in a deadlock if the thread blocked in taskqueue_drain() is the thread that is supposed to call taskqueue_unblock(). Thus, use of taskqueue_drain() after taskqueue_block() is discouraged, because the state of the task can not be known in advance. The same caveat applies to taskqueue_drain_all().

The taskqueue_unblock() function unblocks the previously blocked taskqueue. All enqueued tasks can be run after this call.

The taskqueue_member() function returns 1 if the given thread td is part of the given taskqueue queue and 0 otherwise.

The taskqueue_run() function will run all pending tasks in the specified queue. Normally this function is only used internally.

A convenience macro, TASK_INIT(task, priority, func, context) is provided to initialise a task structure. The TASK_INITIALIZER() macro generates an initializer for a task structure. A macro TIMEOUT_TASK_INIT(queue, timeout_task, priority, func, context) initializes the timeout_task structure. The values of priority, func, and context are simply copied into the task structure fields and the ta_pending field is cleared.

Five macros TASKQUEUE_DECLARE(name), TASKQUEUE_DEFINE(name, enqueue, context, init), TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE(name, enqueue, context, init), and TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD(name) TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD(name) are used to declare a reference to a global queue, to define the implementation of the queue, and declare a queue that uses its own thread. The TASKQUEUE_DEFINE() macro arranges to call taskqueue_create() with the values of its name, enqueue and context arguments during system initialisation. After calling taskqueue_create(), the init argument to the macro is executed as a C statement, allowing any further initialisation to be performed (such as registering an interrupt handler, etc.).

The TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD() macro defines a new taskqueue with its own kernel thread to serve tasks. The variable struct taskqueue *taskqueue_name is used to enqueue tasks onto the queue.

TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE() and TASKQUEUE_FAST_DEFINE_THREAD() act just like TASKQUEUE_DEFINE() and TASKQUEUE_DEFINE_THREAD() respectively but taskqueue is created with taskqueue_create_fast().

  Predefined Task Queues
The system provides four global taskqueues, taskqueue_fast, taskqueue_swi, taskqueue_swi_giant, and taskqueue_thread. The taskqueue_fast queue is for swi handlers dispatched from fast interrupt handlers, where sleep mutexes cannot be used. The swi taskqueues are run via a software interrupt mechanism. The taskqueue_swi queue runs without the protection of the Giant kernel lock, and the taskqueue_swi_giant queue runs with the protection of the Giant kernel lock. The thread taskqueue taskqueue_thread runs in a kernel thread context, and tasks run from this thread do not run under the Giant kernel lock. If the caller wants to run under Giant, he should explicitly acquire and release Giant in his taskqueue handler routine.

To use these queues, call taskqueue_enqueue() with the value of the global taskqueue variable for the queue you wish to use.

The software interrupt queues can be used, for instance, for implementing interrupt handlers which must perform a significant amount of processing in the handler. The hardware interrupt handler would perform minimal processing of the interrupt and then enqueue a task to finish the work. This reduces to a minimum the amount of time spent with interrupts disabled.

The thread queue can be used, for instance, by interrupt level routines that need to call kernel functions that do things that can only be done from a thread context. (e.g., call malloc with the M_WAITOK flag.)

Note that tasks queued on shared taskqueues such as taskqueue_swi may be delayed an indeterminate amount of time before execution. If queueing delays cannot be tolerated then a private taskqueue should be created with a dedicated processing thread.

SEE ALSO
callout(9), ithread(9), kthread(9), swi(9)

HISTORY
This interface first appeared in FreeBSD 5.0. There is a similar facility called work_queue in the Linux kernel.

AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Doug Rabson.