DOMAIN(9)

NAME
domain, protosw - programming interface for kernel socket implementation

SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/protosw.h>
#include <sys/domain.h>
void
domain_add(struct domain *dom);
void
domain_remove(struct domain *dom);
void
DOMAIN_SET(domain);
int
protosw_register(struct domain *dom, struct protosw *pr);
int
protosw_unregister(struct protosw *pr);

DESCRIPTION
The domain subsystem allows implementation of communication protocols that are exposed to the userland via the socket(2) API. When an application performs a socket(domain, type, protocol) syscall, the kernel searches for a domain matching the domain argument, then within this domain, searches for a protocol matching type. If the third argument, protocol, is not 0, that value must also match. The structure found must implement certain methods, so that socket(2) API works for this particular kind of a socket.

A minimal domain structure implementing a domain shall be initialized with sparse C99 initializer and has public fields as follows:

    struct domain {
        /*
         * Mandatory fields.
         */
        int	dom_family;	/* PF_xxx, first argument of socket(2) */
        char	*dom_name;	/* text name of the domain */
        u_int	dom_nprotosw;	/* length of dom_protosw[] */
        /*
         * Following methods are optional.
         */
        int	(*dom_probe)(void);			/* check for support */
        struct rib_head *(*dom_rtattach)(uint32_t);	/* init route table */
        void (*dom_rtdetach)(struct rib_head *);	/* clean up table */
        void *(*dom_ifattach)(struct ifnet *);	/* interface attach */
        void (*dom_ifdetach)(struct ifnet *, void *);/* & detach callbacks */
        int	(*dom_ifmtu)(struct ifnet *);		/* mtu change */
        /*
         * Mandatory variable size array of pointers to protosw structs.
         */
        struct  protosw *dom_protosw[];
    };

Each domain contains the dom_protosw array of protocol switch structures (struct protosw *), one for each socket type supported. The array may have NULL spacers for loadable protocols. Sparse C99 initializers shall be used to initialize protosw structures. The structure has mandatory field pr_type and mandatory pr_attach method. The rest of the methods are optional, but a meaningful protocol should implement some.

    struct protosw {
        short	pr_type;	/* second argument of socket(2) */
        short	pr_protocol;	/* third argument of socket(2) or 0 */
        short	pr_flags;	/* see protosw.h */
        pr_soreceive_t  *pr_soreceive;  /* recv(2) */
        pr_rcvd_t       *pr_rcvd;       /* soreceive_generic() if PR_WANTRCV */
        pr_sosend_t     *pr_sosend;     /* send(2) */
        pr_send_t       *pr_send;       /* send(2) via sosend_generic() */
        pr_ready_t      *pr_ready;      /* sendfile/ktls readyness */
        pr_sopoll_t     *pr_sopoll;     /* poll(2) */
        pr_attach_t     *pr_attach;     /* creation: socreate(), sonewconn() */
        pr_detach_t     *pr_detach;     /* destruction: sofree() */
        pr_connect_t    *pr_connect;    /* connect(2) */
        pr_disconnect_t *pr_disconnect; /* sodisconnect() */
        pr_close_t      *pr_close;      /* close(2) */
        pr_shutdown_t   *pr_shutdown;   /* shutdown(2) */
        pr_abort_t      *pr_abort;      /* abrupt tear down: soabort() */
        pr_aio_queue_t  *pr_aio_queue;  /* aio(9) */
        pr_bind_t       *pr_bind;       /* bind(2) */
        pr_bindat_t     *pr_bindat;     /* bindat(2) */
        pr_listen_t     *pr_listen;     /* listen(2) */
        pr_accept_t     *pr_accept;     /* accept(2) */
        pr_connectat_t  *pr_connectat;  /* connectat(2) */
        pr_connect2_t   *pr_connect2;   /* socketpair(2) */
        pr_control_t    *pr_control;    /* ioctl(2) */
        pr_rcvoob_t     *pr_rcvoob;     /* soreceive_rcvoob() */
        pr_ctloutput_t  *pr_ctloutput;  /* control output (from above) */
        pr_peeraddr_t   *pr_peeraddr;   /* getpeername(2) */
        pr_sockaddr_t   *pr_sockaddr;   /* getsockname(2) */
        pr_sense_t      *pr_sense;      /* stat(2) */
    };

The following functions handle the registration of new domains and protocols.

domain_add() adds a new protocol domain to the system. In most cases domain_add() is not called directly, instead DOMAIN_SET() is used, which is a wrapper around SYSINIT() macro. If the new domain has defined a dom_probe routine, it is called first in domain_add() to determine if the domain should be supported on the current system. If the probe routine returns a non-0 value, then the domain will not be added. Once a domain is added it cannot be completely unloaded. This is because there is no reference counting system in place to determine if there are any active references from sockets within that domain. However, the experimental domain_remove() exists, and unloadable domains may be supported in the future.

protosw_register() dynamically adds a protocol to a domain, if the latter has an empty slot in its dom_protosw. Dynamically added protocol can later be unloaded with protosw_unregister().

RETURN VALUES
The domain_add() never fails, but it may not add a domain if its dom_probe fails.

The protosw_register() function may fail if:

[EEXIST]
    A protocol with the same value of pr_type and pr_protocol already exists in the domain.

[ENOMEM]
    The domain doesn't have any NULL slots in its dom_protosw.

SEE ALSO
socket(2), SYSINIT(9)

HISTORY
The domain subsystem first appeared in 4.3BSD as the part of the very first socket(2) API implementation.

The domain subsystem and this manual page were significantly rewritten in FreeBSD 14.

AUTHORS
This manual page was written by Chad David <davidc@acns.ab.ca> and Gleb Smirnoff <glebius@FreeBSD.org>.